29 research outputs found
Emerging Technologies and Access to Spectrum Resources: the Case of Short-Range Systems
Traditional regulatory arrangements have constrained access to radio frequency spectrum. This has resulted in artificial scarcity of spectrum. The paper addresses the issue of whether technological developments in short-range systems (e.g. cognitive radios and ultra wideband) might promote access to spectrum - possibly using market mechanisms such as trading - and reduce spectrum shortages.spectrum policy, spectrum access, emerging spectrum-using technology, Telecommunications, regulation, infrastructure
The Performance of European Full Service Airlines after Liberalisation: An Econometric Analysis
Deregulation in the airline industry has forced full service airlines to change their strategies in order to respond to increasing challenges. In this paper, an econometric analysis of the possible determinants of economic performance of full service airlines after liberalisation has been carried out. A fixed effects model was used and the performance of ten European full service airlines has been analysed over a period of 11 years. Variables considered in this analysis were the number and type of aircraft in the fleet, the number and type of destinations, investments, number of employees and alliances. The analysis suggests that full service airlines should adjust fleet composition and re-organise operations on their routes in order to react to the increasingly competitive environment.
Essays on optimal spectrum management for expanding wireless communications
Wireless communications are experiencing an unprecedented expansion. The
increasing mobility of the communication society and the pace of
technological change are growing pressure for more spectrum to support
more users, more uses and more capacity. Thus, spectrum management has
become an extremely important part of wireless communications. A few
regulators are changing their traditional âcommand and controlâ approach.
Nevertheless, many features of optimal spectrum management are still
widely discussed. This work is aimed at contributing to that discussion.
The key insight is that spectrum management can benefit from more
liberal spectrum sharing. This work set out to answer three main research
questions: (i) whether there is a theoretical framework which can be used to
analyze and guide spectrum policy reform, when moving from a traditional
âcommand and controlâ regime to a market-inspired one; (ii) whether it is
possible to design a plausible mechanism which can promote efficient
allocation and assignment of spectrum commons; (iii) whether (and how)
technological developments could enable band sharing methods outside the
traditional management framework and without harmful interference.
The literature on transition economics and policy was used to help
answer the first research question. Evidence from liberalizing countries was
positively analyzed to discuss reforms of spectrum allocation and
assignment methods. Most countries have adopted strategies that gradually
change their spectrum policies and started by using more liberal methods to
assign spectrum. It is also argued that future spectrum reforms might benefit
from insights presented in the transition economics literature.
A translation of a model on cartel quotas under majority rule is
proposed to answer the second research question. The work verifies, firstly,
that an analogous set of properties is satisfied under our assumptions and
that the median-index theorem applies, mutatis mutandis, to our setting.
Thus firms bidding to acquire spectrum commons contribute a minimum
amount of their wealth; the sum of contributions offered is then compared to
other bids for the same spectrum, which is allocated to the highest bidder.
The last research question considers novel ways of spectrum sharing
that might be enabled by technological developments. The work explores
contributions, from various research areas, regarding management of scarce
resources. Those contributions are discussed with respect to shared spectrum
access. It is suggested that spectrum management might benefit from
methods which enable the management of pooled (intermittent) demands for
access, especially methods in line with fair sojourn protocols
The Performance of European Full Service Airlines after Liberalisation: An Econometric Analysis
Deregulation in the airline industry has forced full service airlines to change their strategies in order to respond to increasing challenges. In this paper, an econometric analysis of the possible determinants of economic performance of full service airlines after liberalization has been carried out. A fixed effects model was used and the performance of ten European full service airlines has been analyzed over a period of 11 years. Variables considered in this analysis were the number and type of aircraft in the fleet, the number and type of destinations, investments, number of employees and alliances. The analysis suggests that full service airlines should adjust fleet composition and re-organize operations on their routes in order to react to the increasingly competitive environment
Emerging Technologies and Access to Spectrum Resources: the Case of Short-Range Systems
Traditional regulatory arrangements have constrained access to radio frequency spectrum. This has resulted in artificial scarcity of spectrum. The paper addresses the issue of whether technological developments in short-range systems (e.g. cognitive radios and ultra wideband) might promote access to spectrum - possibly using market mechanisms such as trading - and reduce spectrum shortages
Emerging Technologies and Access to Spectrum Resources: the Case of Short-Range Systems
Traditional regulatory arrangements have constrained access to radio frequency spectrum. This has resulted in artificial scarcity of spectrum. The paper addresses the issue of whether technological developments in short-range systems (e.g. cognitive radios and ultra wideband) might promote access to spectrum - possibly using market mechanisms such as trading - and reduce spectrum shortages
University dropouts: supply-side issues in Italy
High student dropout rates are a longstanding issue in Italian universities. University dropouts may be explained by supply side characteristics of Italian universities as well as by studentsâ individual characteristics. However, existing contributions have focused on the latter group of characteristics. Our econometric analysis uses a fixed effects model and data collected along seven years for Italian universities, starting from 2001. Results show that some supply side features have a relevant impact on dropout rates. Hence, corrective measures aimed at reorganizing the structure of courses and the location of university remote branches might help in reducing dropouts
University dropouts: supply-side issues in Italy
High student dropout rates are a longstanding issue in Italian universities. University dropouts may be explained by supply side characteristics of Italian universities as well as by studentsâ individual characteristics. However, existing contributions have focused on the latter group of characteristics. Our econometric analysis uses a fixed effects model and data collected along seven years for Italian universities, starting from 2001. Results show that some supply side features have a relevant impact on dropout rates. Hence, corrective measures aimed at reorganizing the structure of courses and the location of university remote branches might help in reducing dropouts
Punitive damages: l\u2019approccio di Law and Economics
Il contributo cerca di presentare l\u2019approccio della Law and Economics (L&E) al problema dei cos\uec detti "danni punitivi" e di dare conto dei suoi principali sviluppi e risultati. Si parte da una ricostruzione del quadro generale entro cui si collocano gli studi economico-giuridici in tema di punitive damages; si discutono alcuni tratti salienti e si offrono spunti per approfondimenti. Si evidenzia, soprattutto, che il problema dei punitive damages \ue8 affrontato prevalentemente nell\u2019ottica della realizzazione di risultati efficienti (socialmente desiderabili) attraverso il ricorso a opportuni strumenti giuridici, inclusi quelli sanzionatori. Solo di recente l\u2019analisi di L&E sembra svilupparsi oltre gli schemi tradizionali centrati sulla prevenzione e sul risarcimento del danno, per occuparsi pi\uf9 da vicino, in particolare, della qualit\ue0 della condotta del danneggiante e della corretta quantificazione dei pagamenti